Tuesday, December 31, 2013

Importance Of Soya

Soya bean has been part of Chinese diet for many centuries. As we all know soy has many health benefits which due to the presence of soy-proteins and isoflavones genistein and daidzein. It is consumed in various forms which makes it even more popular. It is one of the greatest fighters of dangerous diseases. Even though it is rich in fat properties like fiber, vitamins and minerals, protease inhibitors, flavonoids, isoflavones, polyphenols, terpenes, saponins, phytosterols and phytate makes it very useful.

- Benefits of Soya products

It helps in reducing hormone-related cancers like breast and colon, capability of preventing osteoporosis and also in dealing with effects of menopause.

Many of Soya bean products like tempeh (fermented soybean cake), miso (fermented Soya bean paste), tofu (a cheese-like substance), Soya drinks and shoyu (soy sauce) have low content of saturated fat and cholesterol, proving to be very useful for your health.

Soya beans are mainly used for extraction of Soya oil which is used as cooking oil.

The Soya bean flakes contain as much as 90 per cent protein which is a very popular in cattle feed in western countries.

Soya has become popular mainly because of the benefits it provides similar to fish, eggs, meat and milk.

Soya protein and isoflavones lowers LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) and also decreases blood clotting, which help in reducing your chances of heart attack and stroke.

Soya protein and isoflavones also provides antioxidants which improves your blood pressure and boosts healthy blood vessels.

The presence of protein also increases your bodys ability to retain and absorb calcium in the bones.

It is very useful for people with diabetic conditions and kidney problems. The soluble fiber modulates the glucose level and any of kidney filtration.

Soya beans are a great source of iron, vitamin B12 and protein.

Soya is very useful for problems like red eyes, red face, high blood pressure, constipation and thirst. As Soya is termed as a cool food it becomes very useful for treating problems like hot flushes and vaginal dryness.

People who have digestive problems (loose stools, irritable bowel or bloating) thyroid disorders, signs of dampness (mucus, tumors, cysts, parasites or yeast sensitivity) should avoid Soya products.

One of the constituents of Soya products is the Soya milk which does not contain calcium buy soy isoflavones which reduces your chances of osteoporosis. It is a good source of vitamin E and lecithin. It is also rich in magnesium which is very useful for bones, heart and arteries.

Warning: The reader of this article should exercise all precautionary measures while following instructions on the home remedies from this article. Avoid using any of these products if you are allergic to it. The responsibility lies with the reader and not with the site or the writer.





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Monday, December 30, 2013

A Constipation Home Remedy - Cayenne

Cayenne is a constipation home remedy that is effective in producing peristalsis in your colon and aids digestion. It can be used regularly at every meal and when needed for constipation. Cayenne pepper is known to help thin the blood. So, it is good for improving blood circulation.

Cayenne is available in capsules of different strengths, from 5,000 heat units (HU) to 100,000 and even higher. In addition, cayenne when used with other herbs helps to deliver these herbs more efficiently to where they are needed in the body.

As a constipation home remedy, start with one capsule of 40,000 HU and always take it after you eat. You will feel a hot or slight burning feeling in the upper stomach and that





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Sunday, December 29, 2013

Importance Of Soya

Soya bean has been part of Chinese diet for many centuries. As we all know soy has many health benefits which due to the presence of soy-proteins and isoflavones genistein and daidzein. It is consumed in various forms which makes it even more popular. It is one of the greatest fighters of dangerous diseases. Even though it is rich in fat properties like fiber, vitamins and minerals, protease inhibitors, flavonoids, isoflavones, polyphenols, terpenes, saponins, phytosterols and phytate makes it very useful.

- Benefits of Soya products

It helps in reducing hormone-related cancers like breast and colon, capability of preventing osteoporosis and also in dealing with effects of menopause.

Many of Soya bean products like tempeh (fermented soybean cake), miso (fermented Soya bean paste), tofu (a cheese-like substance), Soya drinks and shoyu (soy sauce) have low content of saturated fat and cholesterol, proving to be very useful for your health.

Soya beans are mainly used for extraction of Soya oil which is used as cooking oil.

The Soya bean flakes contain as much as 90 per cent protein which is a very popular in cattle feed in western countries.

Soya has become popular mainly because of the benefits it provides similar to fish, eggs, meat and milk.

Soya protein and isoflavones lowers LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) and also decreases blood clotting, which help in reducing your chances of heart attack and stroke.

Soya protein and isoflavones also provides antioxidants which improves your blood pressure and boosts healthy blood vessels.

The presence of protein also increases your bodys ability to retain and absorb calcium in the bones.

It is very useful for people with diabetic conditions and kidney problems. The soluble fiber modulates the glucose level and any of kidney filtration.

Soya beans are a great source of iron, vitamin B12 and protein.

Soya is very useful for problems like red eyes, red face, high blood pressure, constipation and thirst. As Soya is termed as a cool food it becomes very useful for treating problems like hot flushes and vaginal dryness.

People who have digestive problems (loose stools, irritable bowel or bloating) thyroid disorders, signs of dampness (mucus, tumors, cysts, parasites or yeast sensitivity) should avoid Soya products.

One of the constituents of Soya products is the Soya milk which does not contain calcium buy soy isoflavones which reduces your chances of osteoporosis. It is a good source of vitamin E and lecithin. It is also rich in magnesium which is very useful for bones, heart and arteries.

Warning: The reader of this article should exercise all precautionary measures while following instructions on the home remedies from this article. Avoid using any of these products if you are allergic to it. The responsibility lies with the reader and not with the site or the writer.





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Saturday, December 28, 2013

Importance Of Soya

Soya bean has been part of Chinese diet for many centuries. As we all know soy has many health benefits which due to the presence of soy-proteins and isoflavones genistein and daidzein. It is consumed in various forms which makes it even more popular. It is one of the greatest fighters of dangerous diseases. Even though it is rich in fat properties like fiber, vitamins and minerals, protease inhibitors, flavonoids, isoflavones, polyphenols, terpenes, saponins, phytosterols and phytate makes it very useful.

- Benefits of Soya products

It helps in reducing hormone-related cancers like breast and colon, capability of preventing osteoporosis and also in dealing with effects of menopause.

Many of Soya bean products like tempeh (fermented soybean cake), miso (fermented Soya bean paste), tofu (a cheese-like substance), Soya drinks and shoyu (soy sauce) have low content of saturated fat and cholesterol, proving to be very useful for your health.

Soya beans are mainly used for extraction of Soya oil which is used as cooking oil.

The Soya bean flakes contain as much as 90 per cent protein which is a very popular in cattle feed in western countries.

Soya has become popular mainly because of the benefits it provides similar to fish, eggs, meat and milk.

Soya protein and isoflavones lowers LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) and also decreases blood clotting, which help in reducing your chances of heart attack and stroke.

Soya protein and isoflavones also provides antioxidants which improves your blood pressure and boosts healthy blood vessels.

The presence of protein also increases your bodys ability to retain and absorb calcium in the bones.

It is very useful for people with diabetic conditions and kidney problems. The soluble fiber modulates the glucose level and any of kidney filtration.

Soya beans are a great source of iron, vitamin B12 and protein.

Soya is very useful for problems like red eyes, red face, high blood pressure, constipation and thirst. As Soya is termed as a cool food it becomes very useful for treating problems like hot flushes and vaginal dryness.

People who have digestive problems (loose stools, irritable bowel or bloating) thyroid disorders, signs of dampness (mucus, tumors, cysts, parasites or yeast sensitivity) should avoid Soya products.

One of the constituents of Soya products is the Soya milk which does not contain calcium buy soy isoflavones which reduces your chances of osteoporosis. It is a good source of vitamin E and lecithin. It is also rich in magnesium which is very useful for bones, heart and arteries.

Warning: The reader of this article should exercise all precautionary measures while following instructions on the home remedies from this article. Avoid using any of these products if you are allergic to it. The responsibility lies with the reader and not with the site or the writer.





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Friday, December 27, 2013

Importance Of Soya

Soya bean has been part of Chinese diet for many centuries. As we all know soy has many health benefits which due to the presence of soy-proteins and isoflavones genistein and daidzein. It is consumed in various forms which makes it even more popular. It is one of the greatest fighters of dangerous diseases. Even though it is rich in fat properties like fiber, vitamins and minerals, protease inhibitors, flavonoids, isoflavones, polyphenols, terpenes, saponins, phytosterols and phytate makes it very useful.

- Benefits of Soya products

It helps in reducing hormone-related cancers like breast and colon, capability of preventing osteoporosis and also in dealing with effects of menopause.

Many of Soya bean products like tempeh (fermented soybean cake), miso (fermented Soya bean paste), tofu (a cheese-like substance), Soya drinks and shoyu (soy sauce) have low content of saturated fat and cholesterol, proving to be very useful for your health.

Soya beans are mainly used for extraction of Soya oil which is used as cooking oil.

The Soya bean flakes contain as much as 90 per cent protein which is a very popular in cattle feed in western countries.

Soya has become popular mainly because of the benefits it provides similar to fish, eggs, meat and milk.

Soya protein and isoflavones lowers LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) and also decreases blood clotting, which help in reducing your chances of heart attack and stroke.

Soya protein and isoflavones also provides antioxidants which improves your blood pressure and boosts healthy blood vessels.

The presence of protein also increases your bodys ability to retain and absorb calcium in the bones.

It is very useful for people with diabetic conditions and kidney problems. The soluble fiber modulates the glucose level and any of kidney filtration.

Soya beans are a great source of iron, vitamin B12 and protein.

Soya is very useful for problems like red eyes, red face, high blood pressure, constipation and thirst. As Soya is termed as a cool food it becomes very useful for treating problems like hot flushes and vaginal dryness.

People who have digestive problems (loose stools, irritable bowel or bloating) thyroid disorders, signs of dampness (mucus, tumors, cysts, parasites or yeast sensitivity) should avoid Soya products.

One of the constituents of Soya products is the Soya milk which does not contain calcium buy soy isoflavones which reduces your chances of osteoporosis. It is a good source of vitamin E and lecithin. It is also rich in magnesium which is very useful for bones, heart and arteries.

Warning: The reader of this article should exercise all precautionary measures while following instructions on the home remedies from this article. Avoid using any of these products if you are allergic to it. The responsibility lies with the reader and not with the site or the writer.





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Thursday, December 26, 2013

Importance Of Soya

Soya bean has been part of Chinese diet for many centuries. As we all know soy has many health benefits which due to the presence of soy-proteins and isoflavones genistein and daidzein. It is consumed in various forms which makes it even more popular. It is one of the greatest fighters of dangerous diseases. Even though it is rich in fat properties like fiber, vitamins and minerals, protease inhibitors, flavonoids, isoflavones, polyphenols, terpenes, saponins, phytosterols and phytate makes it very useful.

- Benefits of Soya products

It helps in reducing hormone-related cancers like breast and colon, capability of preventing osteoporosis and also in dealing with effects of menopause.

Many of Soya bean products like tempeh (fermented soybean cake), miso (fermented Soya bean paste), tofu (a cheese-like substance), Soya drinks and shoyu (soy sauce) have low content of saturated fat and cholesterol, proving to be very useful for your health.

Soya beans are mainly used for extraction of Soya oil which is used as cooking oil.

The Soya bean flakes contain as much as 90 per cent protein which is a very popular in cattle feed in western countries.

Soya has become popular mainly because of the benefits it provides similar to fish, eggs, meat and milk.

Soya protein and isoflavones lowers LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) and also decreases blood clotting, which help in reducing your chances of heart attack and stroke.

Soya protein and isoflavones also provides antioxidants which improves your blood pressure and boosts healthy blood vessels.

The presence of protein also increases your bodys ability to retain and absorb calcium in the bones.

It is very useful for people with diabetic conditions and kidney problems. The soluble fiber modulates the glucose level and any of kidney filtration.

Soya beans are a great source of iron, vitamin B12 and protein.

Soya is very useful for problems like red eyes, red face, high blood pressure, constipation and thirst. As Soya is termed as a cool food it becomes very useful for treating problems like hot flushes and vaginal dryness.

People who have digestive problems (loose stools, irritable bowel or bloating) thyroid disorders, signs of dampness (mucus, tumors, cysts, parasites or yeast sensitivity) should avoid Soya products.

One of the constituents of Soya products is the Soya milk which does not contain calcium buy soy isoflavones which reduces your chances of osteoporosis. It is a good source of vitamin E and lecithin. It is also rich in magnesium which is very useful for bones, heart and arteries.

Warning: The reader of this article should exercise all precautionary measures while following instructions on the home remedies from this article. Avoid using any of these products if you are allergic to it. The responsibility lies with the reader and not with the site or the writer.





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Wednesday, December 25, 2013

Importance Of Soya

Soya bean has been part of Chinese diet for many centuries. As we all know soy has many health benefits which due to the presence of soy-proteins and isoflavones genistein and daidzein. It is consumed in various forms which makes it even more popular. It is one of the greatest fighters of dangerous diseases. Even though it is rich in fat properties like fiber, vitamins and minerals, protease inhibitors, flavonoids, isoflavones, polyphenols, terpenes, saponins, phytosterols and phytate makes it very useful.

- Benefits of Soya products

It helps in reducing hormone-related cancers like breast and colon, capability of preventing osteoporosis and also in dealing with effects of menopause.

Many of Soya bean products like tempeh (fermented soybean cake), miso (fermented Soya bean paste), tofu (a cheese-like substance), Soya drinks and shoyu (soy sauce) have low content of saturated fat and cholesterol, proving to be very useful for your health.

Soya beans are mainly used for extraction of Soya oil which is used as cooking oil.

The Soya bean flakes contain as much as 90 per cent protein which is a very popular in cattle feed in western countries.

Soya has become popular mainly because of the benefits it provides similar to fish, eggs, meat and milk.

Soya protein and isoflavones lowers LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) and also decreases blood clotting, which help in reducing your chances of heart attack and stroke.

Soya protein and isoflavones also provides antioxidants which improves your blood pressure and boosts healthy blood vessels.

The presence of protein also increases your bodys ability to retain and absorb calcium in the bones.

It is very useful for people with diabetic conditions and kidney problems. The soluble fiber modulates the glucose level and any of kidney filtration.

Soya beans are a great source of iron, vitamin B12 and protein.

Soya is very useful for problems like red eyes, red face, high blood pressure, constipation and thirst. As Soya is termed as a cool food it becomes very useful for treating problems like hot flushes and vaginal dryness.

People who have digestive problems (loose stools, irritable bowel or bloating) thyroid disorders, signs of dampness (mucus, tumors, cysts, parasites or yeast sensitivity) should avoid Soya products.

One of the constituents of Soya products is the Soya milk which does not contain calcium buy soy isoflavones which reduces your chances of osteoporosis. It is a good source of vitamin E and lecithin. It is also rich in magnesium which is very useful for bones, heart and arteries.

Warning: The reader of this article should exercise all precautionary measures while following instructions on the home remedies from this article. Avoid using any of these products if you are allergic to it. The responsibility lies with the reader and not with the site or the writer.





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Tuesday, December 24, 2013

A Constipation Home Remedy - Cayenne

Cayenne is a constipation home remedy that is effective in producing peristalsis in your colon and aids digestion. It can be used regularly at every meal and when needed for constipation. Cayenne pepper is known to help thin the blood. So, it is good for improving blood circulation.

Cayenne is available in capsules of different strengths, from 5,000 heat units (HU) to 100,000 and even higher. In addition, cayenne when used with other herbs helps to deliver these herbs more efficiently to where they are needed in the body.

As a constipation home remedy, start with one capsule of 40,000 HU and always take it after you eat. You will feel a hot or slight burning feeling in the upper stomach and that





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Monday, December 23, 2013

Mold Definition and Mold Abatement


Mold can grow in just about any place on earth, which is all well and good until if starts to grow in your home and begins to affect the health of your family. Thats where 911 Restoration comes in. Our trained staff of professionals will respond to any escalated mold issue that your home or property might have with our line of green and earth-friendly products. Certified and with years of experience in mold remediation efforts well always be happy to come to your home and provide you with a free visual inspection in the effort of protecting your home environment.



Mold includes all varieties of fungus. Whether microscopic or macroscopic, fungi grow in all environments in either groups of cells called hyphae or disperse in single cells called yeasts. When grouped in hyphae, the groups of cells are often stringed along in a single line of near-identical cells and are considered to be part of a whole large, single organism while yeast cells are each, singul arly, considered to be organisms in their own right. As with all life, mold needs water to live, and so perpetuate best in areas of high water content. If your home has been a victim of water damage due to storms (such as hurricanes), river flooding, or even just leaving the faucet on (or any related plumbing issue), then your home is ripe for an infestation of all different varieties of mold.


Fungi typically reproduce through spores that travel in the air and its these spores that can enter human lungs and wreak havoc on your immune system. As well, certain species of mold that enter the bloodstream can be toxic, as many are opportunistic pathogens, which is why we, at 911 Restoration, work around the clock to remediate any problem that the air quality of your home may have. Our professional staff takes indoor environmental clean-up very seriously, and can give you the remedy to just about any problem you might have that arise through contamination of mold.



If left untreated, mold (as it, naturally, plays a significant role in decomposition) will overrun your home, and lead to the destruction of building materials such as drywall, wood, plaster, and even masonry. As with most life, it has an exponential growth rate and can overrun single rooms or even your entire residence. Almost all mold reproduces by spores travelling through the air, so the impact on your familys health is larger, the more mold presence is detected.




So, if you see mold growing, call 911 Restoration so that our competent inspectors, iiCRC certified technicians, and mold remediation experts can stop in for a free visual inspection and consultation, and walk you through the steps of ridding your home from mold once and for all. All of our work is guaranteed, all of our staff is professional, and were here to help you with your any mold issue, or any other indoor environmental problem you may have.






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Sunday, December 22, 2013

Simple Home Remedies For Constipation

Constipation is common in America. Estimates indicate that millions of people suffer from constipation in the United States. And more than 2 million also suffer from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). There are many causes of constipation and there are various methods that will result in some form of relief from constipation. The purpose of this article is to focus on the natural home remedies that are useful in the relief of constipation and make people aware of the serious consequences of chronic constipation.

1. Drinking at least six glasses of water daily is helpful. A large amount of water aids quick digestion and enables easier bowel movement.

2. Adding roasted black gram powder to chapatti made of wheat including the husks too can enhance constipation relief.

3. Blackstrap Molasses is very good. Beware that it has a strong taste. Suggest adding it to fruit juice or milk when taking it. All that is needed is two tablespoonfuls of blackstrap molasses just before sleeping at night.

4. East a good portion of sauerkraut or take half a cup of cabbage juice twice a day. This is effective in treating constipation.

5. Eat a mango in the morning right after brushing before breakfast, and one at night after dinner. There is a guarantee that you'll have to "go" before nightfall.

6. Mix Spiegel seeds and warm milk. This can be done by dipping the seeds, 5-10grams in 200 grams of warm milk, add sugar and you have for yourself an effective treatment.

7. For those suffering from chronic constipation, take a drink of figs dipped in water in the morning. You will find yourself looking for the next available toilet.

8. Pouring a whole sachet of Andrew's Liver Salt in a glass of water sand gulping it down immediately will also produce fast constipation relief.

A poor diet can result in chronic constipation and other intestinal diseases such as Irritable Bowel Disease (IBS) which could evolve into more serious and even life threatening diseases.





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Saturday, December 21, 2013

Home Remedies For Constipation

Constipation is just one of the city life problems that are rapidly growing. Stress and a overly packed schedule are some of the reasons why most of the people are suffering from this dilemma. Some of the symptoms that commonly occur to a person with constipation problems are the difficulty to have a bowl movement once in a day, pain in the abdomen, constant headaches, and wind formation. There are times that extreme symptoms arise like the instance of having vertigo, fever, drowsiness, hypertension, aching in the legs, and having an uncomfortable feeling overall.

Anyway, there is nothing to fuss about because constipation has occurred to most of the people more than one time in their lifetime. So you have to understand why it happens for you to fix this problem. There are lots of reasons that one can end up with constipation, which includes eating habit that are not on time, and eating the wrong food.

Junk food is one of the best examples so it would be wise to give these up. It is best to eat well cooked foods that are made with good hygiene. In the event that you are a vegetarian, quit for a while because bacteria found in the food may also be leading to constipation. Uncooked foods such as salad and corn that is grilled in charcoal can also be an additional culprit. Also, check on your lifestyle, if you get less sleep or always sleep late, getting stressed out at your work or maybe a personal problem that you cannot handle could be contributing to the problem. Excess smoking, too much tea and coffee or taking some medications will definitely lead you to potential bowel problems.

Check all the mentioned reasons above and select the ones that reflect you and act accordingly. You may want to try some of these home remedies to see if they help. If the problem does not correct itself be sure to see you Doctor.

Before going to bed, drink warm milk.

If it is an unceasing constipation that you are experiencing, then try adding a couple of spoonful castor oil into the warm milk before drinking it. Try this probably on a day-off.

Do not overeat. Eat only three to four times a day and eat only if you are hungry.

Upon waking up, you must drink six to eight glasses of water, and make sure it is warm. This is said to move the bowels and results to normal stools.

Make a lemon juice with warm water and drink it from time to time. Avoid adding salt or even sugar.





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Friday, December 20, 2013

Home Remedies For Constipation

Constipation is a normal occurrence that everyone will experience at one time or another within their lifetime. The older we get, the higher the tendency to become constipated. The age of forty seems to be a benchmark. People in this age bracket usually have a robust schedule, and there is usually less time for them to eat well, and exercise.

The causes of constipation are many. There are a host of factors that contribute to what causes constipation. One of the most common is poor diet. A diet full of processed foods and few fiber sources is a recipe for constipation problems. A lack of water also contributes to constipation.

Before you begin treating constipation, you should consult your physician for a proper diagnosis. Treating constipation when it is just your body's natural cycle can actually cause you to begin suffering from constipation. If you visit your physician and get a diagnosis of constipation, you should discuss with your physician some constipation cures.

Constipation Home Remedy Tips

1.Drinking a glass of warm milk before going to bed helps in easy evacuation in the morning. In case of severe constipation, mix two teaspoons of castor oil in the milk.

2.Take 10 - 12 calimyma figs and stew them in two glasses of distilled water (16 oz) for 10 minutes. Let them sit in this water overnight.

3.Drink one liter of warm water and walk around for a few minutes immediately after waking up early in the morning.

4.Bael fruit works wonders in treating constipation. Consume the fruit everyday for about 2-3 months.

There are many constipation treatments available - from medications to natural treatments. In severe cases, your physician may recommend the use of laxatives for constipation relief. But in most cases, the physician will want you to relieve the constipation with natural treatments.

Hence, these fruits can play a key role in home remedies for constipation. It functions by cleaning and toning up the intestines. Regular and prolonged use of 2-3 months of time can ensure a significant degree of removal of accumulated faecal matter from intestines. While applying as home remedies for constipation, you should use it in its original form before your meal.

Medical meaning of constipation is "fewer than three bowel movements a week." usual bowel group pattern is one bowel movement for each day. A large amount of the people has between 3 and 21 bowel actions per day which is quite a usual situation.

Constipation is the inability to empty your bowel completely on a regular basis. Normally, the colon absorbs water from food and forms waste matter, or stool. It then moves it to the rectum where it stays until you have a bowel movement. Constipation occurs when the stool is too dry and/or the colon's muscles contract too slowly.






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Thursday, December 19, 2013

Most Successful Home Online Business For Teens

Most Successful Home Online Business For Teens Provides Tools due to Income

These days many people are looking for ways to make money to postdate lost income, payoff debt or save money for retirement. As jobs dwindle, layoffs loom and companies file for bankruptcy, more and more kinsfolk are searching to replace the income they are accustomed to earning.Visit here now http://indian-homejobs.blogspot.com

due to of this upstream and labored time, for some agreement the eminently successful home enterprise could equal the answer to discovering money freedom.Mike Hamor and his team are sharing the Infinity 800 system, a infinitely successful home business. This opportunity is easy, requires minimal investment and can serve as started briskly with little to no Internet Marketing or computer experience. The Infinity 800 system can effect income almost instantly.
Simplicity is great path to describe this strikingly successful at rest action. hush up a low start up cost of $260 and the ease of implementation, the Infinity 800 style provides anyone the opportunity to activate money. You wont alike need a fancy website to carry through started.All that is needed is a domain advance also hide the correct leverage, the system virtually generates cash almost immediately.

Execution of the exceedingly successful home business, instant 800, is average enough for anyone to work out. The fashion up enrollment cost of $260 gets you a complete marketing education packet that explains how to properly market your alertness. Re-enrollments are automatically deducted from profits on each cycle of this most fruitful home business.

The basics of the business are completing a everyday 2 x 2 matrix. find 2 folks to obtain adding to and they consummate 2 each to resolve up, completing a cycle again making money for you. A comple ted cycle generates $800; deduct the $260 re-enrollment fee for a net profit of $540. Because know stuff is no website requirement to adjust even now cycling, this most successful home occupation is easy for anyone to make money fast.

Because of the Infinity 800 systems easy implementation, low-cost start-up and provided marketing tools, its easy to see why this manageable to execute system is the enormously successful home business.Visit here now http://indian-homejobs.blogspot.com





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Wednesday, December 18, 2013

Home Online Business Make Money Online Internet Marketing

Lots of people are willing to start making money online from home so they can have and extra income or maybe they are planning to quit their job sometimes soon if they achieve to start making decent income online.

For starting making money online with Internet Marketing is essential to understand the concepts and how internet marketer works and this is what most of the people out there are missing.

From my experience I have tested different Internet Marketing education programs from the first time I started the plan of making my home business and I have to say that they are just a few that really gives you the support and education needed.

In my case I bet for Wealthy Affiliate like the best internet marketing program and it's because it helped me to start making money online from knowing nothing about to reach 120/day in just a few months of starting their education process .

What really helped me on Wealthy Affiliate is the 1 on 1 support they gave me and also the webinars by experts talking about really important topics on Internet Marketing that make the big differences when you start to take action implementing them on your Home Online Marketing Career .

The best of all this is that even that I started without any experience or further knowledge about internet marketing I became an advanced one that keeps making a decent income from home each day.

If you are starting your Home Online Business with Internet Marketing would be nice you give a check out to this Website , it for sure could help you improve your skills of making money online 100%.





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Tuesday, December 17, 2013

How to Optimize Your Home Online Business for Success

Increase the income from your home online business with these easy to follow steps to optimize your website both internally and externally.

One of the most important things you need to do is optimize your site if you intend to start an online business from scratch. This gives you the advantage of getting free organic traffic from the search engines and saves you a lot of time marketing your site later on.

The process of optimizing your site is referred to as SEO, meaning search engine optimization. Search engine optimization is a complete business in itself and it is a popular acronym used among part time and full time marketers and is wildly used in seminars and conventions.

The main index page of your home online business site is where you need to start with the optimization process. For example, Jane has an online home business. She has a website that provides a free internet marketing training newsletter and offers her target market an eBook on how to attract targeted traffic to your website. So to attract more hot prospects her goal is to appear in the top rankings on Google, Yahoo and MSN.
As Jane's business has been online for 2 years already, she is aware that by achieving high search engine rankings will result in long term consistent free organic traffic. Jane needs to start off by doing proper keyword research. She can utilize the services offered by WordTracker or Google's Keyword Tool, to find the right keywords to optimize her site, resulting in her online business site ranking higher in the search engines.

Jane realizes that the more the keyword is targeted, the more success she will have in attracting hot prospects. From her past successful experiences and initial studies of SEO, she also knows that the fewer amount of competitors there are actively competing on the market, the more chances she will have on succeeding rapidly on acquiring free traffic and hot prospects.

She makes sure the keywords she selected from her last keyword research have a low amount of competitors but the highest return on investment for her chosen market. The keyword phrase selected contained words with high traffic demand; however, they were wrapped with other words that contain fewer amounts of competitors in order to rank higher on the search engines in a faster way.

Jane is aware that keyword selection is highly important to acquire results once again. So what did she ultimately end up doing? She added long tail keywords, usually of four to five words in the title tags, H1 tags, in her description, in her keyword tags and sprinkled in the body of the web page in order to have spiders find her website faster and rank it according to its new popularity. You can be sure the search engine spiders will regularly visit your site if you constantly add unique content.

On-site or Internal search engine optimization is just one of the hundreds of factors you can actually do to make your home online business more profitable and successful. The knowledge, experience and skills you have acquired will help you start your home business online correctly. You don't have to be highly intelligent to implement the basic SEO steps to optimize your site, it just requires focus and patience in choosing the right keywords and adding them to your site.




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Monday, December 16, 2013

The Different Types Of Stoves And Cooking

In this article will study about different methods of cooking food and different utensils and devices used for cooking. We will also learn ow cooking was done in earlier times. Cooking is means preparing food. It makes the food soft and tasty. Cooked food is easy to digest. Cooking kills germs in the food. But food should not be overcooked or undercooked. Some food items can be eaten raw, that is, they do not require cooking. We must wash raw food items with water before eating. Some food items can be eaten either raw or cooked. Some can be eaten both cooked and raw.

The way cooking has changed over the years. In earlier times, cooking was done on angithi or chulha. Coal, wood or cow dung were used cooking was done on angithi or chulha. Coal, wood or cow dung was used as fuel. People used earthen, copper or iron utensils in the kitchen for cooking food. After some time, stoves were invented. People started cooking food on stoves. Now- a- days, cooking is done using gas stove, cooking range or microwave oven. It is faster method of cooking. Pressure cookers and other utensils are used for cooking. In ovens, untraceable ceramic ware is used for cooking.

Types of stoves

We use different types of stoves for cooking food. Each stove uses a different kind of fuel/ source of energy. 1) Chulha fire- wood and coal fuel used. 2) Tandoori fire-wood and coal fuel use. 3) Kerosene stove kerosene fuel used 4) gas stove liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). 5) Hot plate is source of energy by electricity. 6) Microwave oven- source of energy by electricity. 7) Solar cooker- source of energy by sunlight.

Methods of cooking food-tasty food and health food

With time, the utensils were used and the ways of cooking have changed. Now a days, utensils are made of stainless steel. Utensils of earthen pots, iron, and copper and aluminum utensils have been used till now. Today, people use non-stick ware and ceramic ware for cooking food. The utensils are used in kitchen room.1) Pressure cooker 2) pan 3) wok (kadahi) earthenware pot 4) griddle (tawa) 5) rolling pin 6) sieve.

A) Boiling is means to cook in water. B) Roasting is means to cook food over direct fire. C) Steaming means to cook with the help of steam heat or in an oven. D) Deep frying is means cook in boiling oil. E) Baking is means cook food in an oven.

a) Rice is made by boiling. Meat, fish and eggs can also be boiled. b) Chicken and Paneer tikka are prepared by roasting. Papad and popcorn are often roasted. c) Idli and dhokla are made by steaming. d) Pakoras and samosas are made by frying. e) Bread, cookies and cakes are baked.

Importance of water in cooking

Water is need for cooking most of the things. We need water for-kneading dough for making chapattis, making pulses, making rice, making halwa sweet, washing fruits or vegetables.





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Sunday, December 15, 2013

Sell Your House Fast, Try a lease Option

Are you trying to sell your house in a down market? Would you consider other alternatives? If so a lease option might be a great way to get top dollar for your home and possibly generate some extra money off the sale. A lease option is where you lease (rent) your property to a possiblel buyer who has the option to purchase the property at the end of the lease term. This will enable you to tap into a vast pool of people who want to buy a home but whatever reason, aren't quite ready to make the purchase yet.

Decide if a lease option is the right choice for you
Lease Options aren't for everyone. If you need all the money upfront, you're better off with a conventional sale. Also, most lease options aren't fully executed, so you may have to sell your home again after the lease term has expired. Normally in a lease option arrangement, the owner must continue to pay property taxes and insurance and is generally still responsible for major repairs during the lease term. So you must decide if this is something you are willing to deal with.

Advertise your property
In a slow market many sellers are approached by buyers looking for a lease option. You can advertise in the paper or online. Ads for lease options normally get a large response, so you should have plenty of buyers to pick from.

Screen your applicants, Do a Background check.
When considering a potential buyer you need to look at them as potential tenants. You don want to lease option your home to someone you would not rent to. Take the time to find buyers with good references, a steady income, and the ability to pay the rent as well as monthly option money. When looking at the applicant's credit history, you normally don't want someone with major credit problems, but you will need to be somewhat lenient. Most buyers who seek out lease options do this because they have some impe rfections on their credit and need to improve their credit score before applying for a loan.

Pre-qualify your lessee.
This step should not be skipped. Get in touch with a loan officer or mortgage broker to discuss the potential buyer's chances of obtaining a mortgage once the lease is up. This allows you both to get a realistic idea of whether the lessee will be able to purchase the house. This step is crucial if you need to sell the house at the end of the lease, but ethically, and maybe legally, it's important because if you take option money and a higher rent from a tenant who could never buy the house at the end of the lease, you're just taking advantage of your tenant.
Provide lease option buyer with a seller's disclosure form.
The disclosure form informs buyer of any known problems with the house. You attest, to the best of your knowledge, to the condition of the house. This form allows buyer to make an informed decision and protects the integrity of the contract and sale. It is also in the best interest of the buyer to have an independent home inspection.

Negotiate the contract and collect option money.
You can get fill-in-the-blank lease option forms online, or at office supply stores, but it is best to get them from a local real estate agent or attorney. This will help protect both buyer and seller. The lease option may be added as an addendum to a standard sales contract. Again, legal counsel is highly recommended. You've need to cover money issues, who is responsible for different types of repairs and other complications that are bound to come up.

Agree on the purchase price of the home.
You will be obligated to sell at this price, so you want to make sure it's something you can live with. The price should be at least fair market value iff not slightly more (especially for longer term leases). This compensates for convenience to the buyer and allows for appreciation of the property over the term. Consider an appraisal to validate the price. Most lenders only loan against the appraised value.

Determine how much option money to collect.
Some states have laws setting a maximum amount of option money that you can charge, but normally option fee can be almost any amount. A good rule of thumb is 2-4% of the purchase price. This money yours no matter what. If the lessee becomes a buyer, the money will be credited to the purchase price, and if the lessee doesn't buy, they forfeit the option money. Most buyers choose lease options because they dont have a big down payment, so dont ex pect a large amount of option money

Decide how much of the lessee's monthly payment will be credited toward the option.
In general, the monthly payment will be calculated at fair rental value plus a set amount that will go toward the purchase price. This, like the initial option money, will either be credited toward the down payment or the purchase price or, if the tenant doesn't buy, will be forfeited to you.

Decide on the term of the lease.
Lease options typically run anywhere from 6-24 months. Shorter lease terms usually result in more sales than longer terms, simply because there are so many things can happen over the long term, but the length of the lease should be long enough to allow lessee to their finances in order.

Carry the right insurance coverage
You are no longer the owner-occupant of the house, you will need to update your homeowners policy to a dwelling poli cy. Contact your insurance agent to determine what policy is necessary.

Collect monthly payments.
Collect the payments each month. Keep record of payments received for the lessee to exercise the option or, when you have to go to court to settle a dispute (worst case scenario).

Sell the house
At the end of the lease the lessee can exercise their option to purchase the house for the price specified on or before the date specified. The total option money paid, including any credit from monthly payments will be applied to purchase price. This gives the buyer equity in the home and should make it easier to get financed.

Lease Options are a great way to sell your house, for full price. This is a really simple way to make a sale on your home. For More Real Estate tips, be sure to check out our website http://sellthathouse.org





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Saturday, December 14, 2013

Rent to sell tips for investors and realtors

Five Reasons To Utilize The Rent To Sell Method

Trying to sell your house in this buyer's is proving to be more than a challenge. A lease option may be the perfect solution to ensure you get top dollar for your home and maybe even generate some extra income off the sale. Lease options, in which you lease/rent your property to a potential buyer who has the option to buy the property at the end of the lease term, can allow you to tap into a huge pool of people who want to buy a home but who, for one reason or another, aren't quite ready to make the purchase yet.

Here are some of the advantages:


Higher Rent: You can ask for a higher rent payment because you are flexible on your financing terms. One of the main reasons for charging a higher rent is because part of the rent goes toward the purchase price of the house. Decide how much of the lessee's monthly payment will be credited toward the option. Anywhere from 0-100% of the monthly payments can be credited toward the purchase price, although the amount is sometimes subject to state or local laws. In general, the monthly payment will be calculated at fair rental value plus a set amount that will go toward the purchase price. This, like the initial option money, will either be credited toward the down payment or the purchase price or, if the tenant doesn't buy, will be forfeited to you.

Minimum Risk: The non-refundable option deposit is kept by the seller should the renter default or decide not to buy. Decide on the term of the lease. Lease options typically run anywhere from 6-24 months. Less than six months usually doesn't make sense for the buyer, and more than 2 years (sometimes more than 1 year) may cause tax or legal complications. Shorter lease terms generally result in sales more than longer terms, simply because there are so many variables over the long term, but the length of the lease should be adequate to ensure that the lessee has time to get his or her financial ducks in a row. Keep in mind that if housing prices appreciate quickly, you may be getting a bad deal on a long lease, since you're obligated to sell at the agreed-upon price. If housing prices decline, however, you may be getting a good deal, but if they've declined significantly, the lessee is unlikely to buy the house. You still get to keep the option money, however.
Don't always need a real estate agent: The most attractive feature of this kind of deal is that the agreement is based on a mutual understanding between both the buyer and seller and therefore the terms are flexible. The period within which the rent to own houses option has to be exercised is open and both could discuss and decide upon what the time period should be to give the buyer the option of buying the property. Unless the seller lists the rental with an agent which could be helpful to attract attention, the seller is selling the home by owner. This will save on fees and advertising costs in the long run. An alternative to listing with an agent is to hire an attorney who will help to navigate the legal landscape.
Better tenants: You have to look at potential buyers as potential tenants, and you don't want to do a lease option with somebody who you wouldn't rent to. Look for someone with good references, a steady source of income, and the ability to pay the rent plus, if applicable, the additional monthly option money. As far as the applicant's credit history, you probably don't want someone with serious credit trouble, but at the same time you may want to be somewhat lenient. Many buyers who choose lease options do so because they have some blemishes on their credit and want to improve their profile before applying for a loan. Renting out your home can be stressful because renters can be hard on your home particularly when they don't plan to be there long. However, because you are renting to someone who has a long-term interest in your home, there's a better chance they'll take care of it.
Less stress: A homeowner who opts for the rent to own houses option is able to secure both his present and his future through this deal that tends to work out quite well. The buyer also benefits by being able to live in their dream home and eventually purchase it after a short period. For sellers, this is less stressful than just renting out your home due to the higher quality renters and how much they care about the home.







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Friday, December 13, 2013

Rent To Sell Method In Maryland

Five Reasons To Utilize The Rent To Sell Method In Maryland


Trying to sell your house in this Maryland buyers market is proving to be more than a challenge. A lease option may be the perfect solution to ensure you get top dollar for your home and maybe even generate some extra income off the sale. Lease options, in which you lease/rent your property to a potential buyer who has the option to buy the property at the end of the lease term, can allow you to tap into a huge pool of people who want to buy a home but who, for one reason or another, aren't quite ready to make the purchase yet.


Here are some of the advantages:


I. Higher Rent: You can ask for a higher rent payment because you are flexible on your financing terms. One of the main reasons for charging a higher rent is because part of the rent goes toward the purchase price of the house. Decide how much of the lessee's monthly payment will be credited toward the option. Anywhere from 0-100% of the monthly payments can be credited toward the purchase price, although the amount is sometimes subject to state or local laws. In general, the monthly payment will be calculated at fair rental value plus a set amount that will go toward the purchase price. This, like the initial option money, will either be credited toward the down payment or the purchase price or, if the tenant doesn't buy, will be forfeited to you.


II. Minimum Risk: The non-refundable option deposit is kept by the seller should the renter default or decide not to buy. Decide on the term of the lease. Lease options typically run anywhere from 6-24 months. Less than six months usually doesn't make sense for the buyer, and more than 2 years (sometimes more than 1 year) may cause tax or legal complications. Shorter lease terms generally result in sales more than longer terms, simply because there are so many variables over the long term, but the length of the lease should be adequate to ensure that the lessee has time to get his or her financial ducks in a row. Keep in mind that if housing prices appreciate quickly, you may be getting a bad deal on a long lease, since you're obligated to sell at the agreed-upon price. If housing prices decline in Maryland, however, you may be getting a good deal, but if they've declined significantly, the lessee is unlikely to buy the house. You still get to keep the option money, however.

III. Don't always need a real estate agent: The most attractive feature of this kind of deal is that the agreement is based on a mutual understanding between both the buyer and seller and therefore the terms are flexible. The period within which the rent to own option has to be exercised is open and both could discuss and decide upon what the time period should be to give the buyer the option of buying the property in Maryland. Unless the seller lists the rental with an agent which could be helpful to attract attention, the seller is selling the home by owner. This will save on fees and advertising costs in the long run. An alternative to listing with an agent is to hire an attorney who will help to navigate the legal landscape.

IV. Better tenants: You have to look at potential buyers in Maryland as potential tenants, and you don't want to do a lease option with somebody who you wouldn't rent to. Look for someone with good references, a steady source of income, and the ability to pay the rent plus, if applicable, the additional monthly option money. As far as the applicant's credit history, you probably don't want someone with serious credit trouble, but at the same time you may want to be somewhat lenient. Many buyers in Maryland who choose lease options do so because they have some blemishes on their credit and want to improve their profile before applying for a loan. Renting out your home can be stressful because some Maryland renters can be hard on your home particularly when they don't plan to be there long. However, because you are renting to someone who has a long-term interest in your home, there's a better chance they'll take care of it.

V. Less stress: A homeowner who opts for the rent to own in Maryland option is able to secure both his present and his future through this deal that tends to work out quite well. The buyer also benefits by being able to live in their dream home and eventually purchase it after a short period. For sellers in Maryland, this is less stressful than just renting out your home due to the higher quality renters in Maryland and how much they care about the home.



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Thursday, December 12, 2013

Development and Validation of Giftedness Assessment Instrument (GAI) for the Identification of Creative –Productive Giftedness ability

INTRODUCTION

Every society, and every school (formal or non-formal) within it, has its own gifted and talented persons. Across cultures and over period in history, such gifted and talented persons have been recognized either through their significantly outstanding positive contributions to society or for some spectacular achievements or positive behavioural manifestation. Children are said to be gifted if their cognitive powers, when developed qualify them to become high level innovators, evaluators, problem solvers, leaders or perpetuators in the complex society in which they live (Oghounu & Oniyama, 2004). They are said to be talented if in the process of doing things, evidences of positive exceptionality and creativity is manifested (Onu, 2002). Sometimes, it is difficult to separate or even distinguish between the two terms since often; one connotes the other (Anih, 2001).

Most countries of the world deliberately and systematically id entify and nurture such of their children who are of high intellectual ability. Those who show evidences of exceptional performance or demonstrate very high degree of creativity, memory, motivation, physical dexterity or psycho-motor ability, social adeptness or leadership ability, aesthetic sensitivity or pronounced ability in visual and performing arts, or who demonstrate potential ability in any of these areas (Senate, 1988).

Often times, some of such countries are jolted into action by specific instances or factors like the sputnik which shocked America, or Israel finding herself in the desert or Japan after the Second World War, or Korea after some unfavourable experiences or even some countries planning to dominate world sports and gymnastics (Yoloye, 1986).

Nigeria is anxious to take-off technologically to revamp her economy and improve over-all standards of life and living for the generality of her citizens. The decision therefore to identify Nigerian c hildren who by virtue of outstanding ability are capable of High performance is of paramount importance. Onu (2002) opines that children thus identified require differentiated educational programmes, experiences and services beyond those normally provided by the regular school programme.

However, the development and recognition of giftedness in children started to be of major concern to the Federal Government of Nigeria within the last two decades (Anih, 2001). The National Policy on Education (2004) recognized the existence of the gifted and talented individuals by emphasizing that:

People (children and adult) who have/posses very high intelligence quotient (IQ) and are naturally endowed with special traits (in arts, creativity, music, leadership, intellectual precocity, etc.) and therefore find themselves insufficiently, challenged by the regular school/college/university programmes (p. 47-48).

The policy further enumerated that opportunities should be provided for exceptionally gifted and talented children to develop their talents, natural endowments/traits at their own pace in the interest of the nations economic and technological developments.

In the continued efforts of the Federal Government to see the gifted and talented through in her educational system, an operation catch the genius was launched in 1982 with the help of Aminu the Federal Minister of Education at that time (Makinde, 1998). The Minister clearly stated that the purpose of the policy was to ensure that children in Nigeria were not neglected any longer. This policy was buttressed by the establishment of the Suleja Academy for the Gifted and Talented which took off on the 25th of May 1990 (Omoegun, 1998).

Silverman (2003) opines that Giftedness is like developmental delay, which must be identified in children as early as possible. According to her, early intervention is essential for optimal development. She further states that Gifted fou r or five year olds are mentally like six or seven year olds, and usually have excellent attention spans, so this is an ideal time for testing. In Nigeria, selection into the gifted programme is done at primary six levels which fall within the average age of 12 years, according to the Blue print on Education of the Gifted and Talented (1986), it is the ideal age when the children must have finished primary school and are about to start secondary school.

However, the task of identifying the gifted and talented children has become a growing concern for our Nations public and private school systems. For years, our society has judged intelligence on performance records and equated high grades with high intellect. Even though many educators and researchers long realized that many of our brightest students are not necessarily the A students. Apart from this, some current definitions of giftedness have also grown out of the awareness that IQ alone does not define all the pos sible areas of giftedness. Some people have advanced talents in socially valued endeavours that cannot be measured by intelligence tests. Intelligence tests are as Guilford (1985) suggests only a small sample of intellectual activity in limited areas of human endeavour.

The concept of giftedness has also expanded in recent times to include many talents that have contributed substantially to the quality of life for both individual and society (Robinson, 2003). For instance, the contributions of gifted individuals such as William Jerferson, Philip Emeagwali,Wole Soyinka to mention but a few have called for the re-definition of what makes giftedness and how to identify the real gifted persons for placement in the special programmes. Since our main challenge as educators in Nigeria is to create the conditions that convert potentials into performance, it is pertinent therefore to identify the creative productive gifted persons, by the use of proper identification instrume nt (Renzulli, 2005).

Renzulli (2005) conceptualized creative productive giftedness as the cluster of three interlocking abilities namely, above average, creativity and task commitment /motivation. He further explain that gifted and talented children are those possessing or capable of developing this composite set of traits and applying them to any potentially valuable area of human performance.

Fig: 1 RENZULLIS Three-Ring Conception of Giftedness

The above clusters of abilities focused on the cognitive and non-cognitive/ affective domains of educational objective. Unfortunately, all the instruments used in Nigeria and abroad to identify gifted children have been focusing on the cognitive domain which is based on intelligence test and observation with rating scales by teachers.

Of recent, the Blooms taxonomy of Educational Objectives has been expanded to include the sixth one which is creativity. This can only be assessed properly by the use of attitude scales. Depending on observations also is not reliable as Nigerian teachers cannot be visiting homes to observe, nor to keep accurate record of their observations (Obe & Nna, 2004). They reliable approach is through the use of attitude scales, they affirmed.

Aiken & Groth-Marnat (2006) opine that one of the affective variables that has received a great deal of research attention is attitude scale. Allport as cited by Obe & Nna (2004), defined attitude as a mental and neural state of readiness, organized through experience, exerting a directive and dynamic influence upon an individuals response to all objects and situations with which it is related. Ramsden (1998) also sees attitude as the cognitive, emotional and action tendency components, because it is this action- tendency that leads to particular behavioural intents.

An overview of the gifted programme currently going on in Nigeria seems that the children have not made any impact in th e society like their other counterparts in the USA, Canada, UK and Israel, despite the entire amount spent on the programme (Onu, 2002, Anih, 2001). The reason also seems to be based on the fact that the real gifted- creative- productive persons are left out as a result of over- reliance on cognitive ability/ intelligence test only in the selection process. This is akin to Renzullis (2005) definition that giftedness is made up of three inter locking clusters of ability namely above average (cognitive ability), creativity and task commitment/motivation, with their underlining attributes. The cognitive ability test currently in use is measuring only two attributes (verbal and numerical (quantitative) aptitude among all other attributes enumerated by Renzullis (2005) conception of giftedness. Secondly, the length and complexity of administration, scoring and interpretation make its use difficult for teachers and career masters with little sophi stication in psychometrics.

Moreover, percentile norms are used for the selection process of the gifted .Unfortunately, percentile ranks are unequal score units and also ordinal- level rather than interval measures, hence, the units are not equal on all parts of the scale. The fact that percentile rank units bunch up in the middle and spread out at the extremes of the scale causes difficulty in the interpretation of changes and differences in the transformed scores (Aiken & Groth-Marnat, 2006)

The other two clusters of giftedness (creativity and task commitment / motivation are totally neglected as selection measures. Although, some scales have been developed by psychologists to measure creativity and task commitment / motivation, its application to the selection criteria for the gifted programme is yet to be effected by stakeholders. Similarly, this scale did not also cover all the attributes of creative-productive giftedness, as enumerated by Renzulli (20 05). Even for use outside African context, some other properties which call for urgent revision of these present instruments include their considerable length which makes their uses rather time-consuming and method of scoring which is rather cumbersome, for the gifted programme. It is in the light of these numerous problems that the present instrument is being developed with the use of factor analysis.

The theoretical underpinning of the measurement of creative-productive giftedness is that the use of non-cognitive factors like creativity and task commitment are as important as the ability to process information, reason analytically, understand spatial relations and think conceptually that is associated with the use of intelligence/cognitive test. This means that giftedness must incorporate non- academic or non- cognitive components and also the interaction of extraordinary character traits and the socio-cultural adaptive skills that appear to be essential to it.

The traditional method of identification of giftedness relied solely on intelligence tests with evidence from the works of Terman 1925, Getzels & Jackson (1962), Witty (1958) and Dehaan (1962). A review of the literature shows that most of the intelligence tests used for instance Wechsler intelligence test for children (WISC-iv), Wechsler (2003) has four indices namely verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory and processing speed. The Slossons Intelligence Test (SIT) for children and Adults Slosson (1985) which measures the general intelligence and the Differential Ability Scales (DAS) which is found particularly useful with visual spatial children (Silverman 2003). The Gifted Children Education screening examination paper 1&2 (English, and verbal and Mathematics and quantitative) (NECO 2005) have four subsections of 80 items. The main demerits of I.Q tests of this nature, is that they underestimate childrens abilities rather than overestimating them.

Secondly, these tests are cumbersome to administer, they require training and expertise to do so, and the time for administration is rather long as a result of which testees sometimes feel bored and disinterested in the exercise. The use of IQ tests for identification was partially remedied in tests like Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) (Torrance 1998), Scales of Rating the Behavioual Characteristics of Superior Students (SRBCSS) (Renzulli 2004), Ibadan Creative Assessment Scale (ICAS) (Akinboye 1979).

Although, these tests measure creativity which is an aspect of giftedness, they have their own problems. For instance, SRBCSS requires only the teachers ratings which may be subjective. ICAS has 5 subsections and 75 items; TTCT has 4 sub sections and 72 items. The gifted children education programme screening examination I & II has 2 sections each with 80 multiple choice questions on each. The numerous items in these tests and the lengthy tim e it takes to complete them makes them unsuitable as tests that can be used for quick screening for the identification of gifted children for placement in a gifted programme. Secondly, these tests are each measuring an aspect of giftedness which is either creativity (affective) or above average ability (cognitive).

Another aspect of the literature review is in respect of effort that has been made to use multiple criteria approach for identification of gifted children in Nigeria Blue print on the identification of the gifted and Onu (2002).

Even though a lot of instruments were developed to discover the cognitive and non-cognitive characteristics of the gifted. For instance, standardized tests, test of special abilities, cumulative school History, teachers information questionnaire, peer observation technique and pupils checklist. The basic assumption of the authors is that pupils who scored 80 percent and above in all these measures put together should be rated a s gifted. The focus of the above multiple measures were rather narrow as the instruments did not go through proper validation and standardization process (Fakolade, 2006). Moreover, Nigeria is still over relying on the use of intelligence test only which is just an aspect of giftedness.

These numerous problems of the various cognitive and non cognitive instruments for the identification of giftedness are the main challenges that have been tackled in the development of Giftedness Assessment Instrument (GAI). The GAI is integration, of cognitive and non-cognitive measures. The cognitive aspect covers the characteristics of above average ability which is one of the domains of giftedness and the non-cognitive measures dealt with the affective (creativity and Task commitment /motivation) domains of giftedness respectively (Renzulli 2005).

The main purpose of developing and validating GAI is to produce a reliable and valid instrument that will possess these characterist ics by Renzulli (2005) for the identification of creative-productive giftedness ability among Basic six school pupils. To achieve this objective using a large enough sample size as well as minimising the short comings of the existing instruments that have been enumerated. It is therefore hypothesised that GAI will have adequate psychometric properties.

Methodology

Participants

The participants for the study were 600(males=275, females =325) in the age of 9-13 (mean=12.24,S.D=1.94) years randomly selected from both public and private primary schools in Lagos state. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select four schools (two public and two private) from each educational district in Lagos, while intact classes were adopted for the study in order not to eliminate the target group-creative-productive gifted persons. The locations of the schools cut across all the local Governments in the state.

INSTRUMENTATION

The following instruments were used to obtain relevant data for the study.

(1) Above average/Cognitive ability test (GAI-1)

(2) Creative ability scale (GAI 2)

(3) Task Commitment/Motivation Scale (GAI 3)

(4) Gifted Children Education Programme Screening Examination (2005) paper I (Mathematics and Quantitative aptitude)

(5) Gifted children Education Programme screening Examination (2005) paper 2 (English language and Verbal Aptitude).

(6) Answer sheet (OMR form)

(7) Lagos State (2007) Primary Six Mock Examination in Aptitude test and General Paper / Civic

(8) Ibadan Creativity Assessment Scale (ICAS)

(9) Ibadan Task Commitment/Motivation Scale (ITCMS)

(10) Mathematics Attitude Scale (MAS)

Above Ability/Cognitive test (GAI-1): It is the first component of GAI. It is a 40-item multiple choice aptitude test designed by the researcher and her supervisors, to measure the cognitive ability of the participants. It has five options lettered A-E, testees are expected to choose the letter that bears the answer to the question. They are allowed 20 minutes to finish the test. It is presently going through a process of validation.

Creative Ability Scale (GAI -2). It is the second component of GAI made up of a 22 item inventory also designed by the researcher and her supervisors, to measure the pupils creative ability. It yields scores on a 4-point responds format ranging from 1-4. The scale is also going through a process of validation.

Task commitment/Motivation scale: This is the third component of GAI measure that comprises of a 21-item inventory designed by the researcher and her supervisors to measur e the pupils motivation and competent ability in pursuing a certain task. It is also a self rating scale that yields score on a 4-point responds format ranging from 1-4. It is also a section of the newly constructed instrument going through the process of validation.

Gifted Childrens screening examination Paper I & II

This examination was designed by the National Examination Council of Nigeria (NECO 2005), to identify the pupils that are gifted for placement in the Gifted Childrens Academy in Suleja.It consists of an 80-item multiple choice aptitude test respectively for both mathematics and quantitative in paper I and English and verbal aptitude in paper II. The time allocated for the examinations is 1 hours respectively. NECO reported a three week test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.88 and 0.85 respectively. It has an internal consistency of 0.87.

Scoring: Each question carries 1 mark for the 80 questions. T he test scores for each testee is converted into percentile and the highest score in the percentile rank is regarded as gifted and is admitted into the school for the gifted and talented in Suleja. The aim of using this test is to determine its construct validity with the GAI-1.

Answer sheet: This is an OMR form, designed to be used by the pupils to supply the answers to the multiple choice questions. They are three types- the form used for the GAI-I test contains 40-items with 5 options A-E while the form for the screening and mock examinations contain 80-items with 5 options A-E and 50 items respectively. The pupils are expected to use HB pencil to shade the correct answer, since the OMR is being scored by the computer. The form is divided into two sections; section A contains the pupils demographic information while section B contains the options.

Basic Six Mock Examinations 2007 (General paper): This is mad e up of a 50-item multiple choice aptitude test and also a 50-item multiple choice questions in general knowledge/civic developed by the Lagos State Examination Board. The first test is specifically designed to measure the pupils aptitude in Mathematics, quantitative, English, verbal aptitude and vocational aptitude. The developers obtained a test-retest reliability of 0.82 and an internal consistency of 0.88 with Cronbachs alpha method. The second part of the mock examination is testing the pupils knowledge of the world around them. The test developers also obtained a test-retest reliability of 0.73 and an internal consistency of 0.86 with Cronbachs alpha method.

Scoring: Each test type has a total score of 100% with 2 marks for each correct answer. The total score is calculated by multiplying the overall correct answers by 2.

Ibadan Creativity Assessment Scale (ICAS): This is a self-rating attitude scale designed by Akinboye (1979) to assess an individuals degree of creativity. The scale has four subsections namely: ideative fluency, flexibility, originality and task motivation. It is a 75-item inventory with 9-point scale. Akinboye reported a test-retest reliability of 0.79 and internal consistency with coefficient alpha of 0.76.

Scoring: It yields a 9-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (totally unlike me) to 9 (very much like me).It has both direct and reverses scoring method. Mathematics Attitude Scale (MAS): It was developed by Obe (2002) to measure an individuals attitude towards mathematics. It consists of 30-items that yield scores on a 5-point Likert scale. Obe (2002) recorded a high stability coefficient of 0.79 and Cronbachs coefficient alpha ranging between 0.76 to 0.82.

Scoring: Scoring of the instruments was by assigning 5,4,3,2 and 1 for positively stated items. The points were also awarded in the reversed order for ne gatively stated items.

Development of the Instrument The development of GAI started by item selection based on the attributes and theories of Giftedness. For GAI-1 an initial pool of 64 items were generated. These items were then assessed for face and content validity with the help of experts in measurement and evaluation and psychology including the supervisors of this work. Based on the recommendation of these individuals some items were removed and others revised or reworded, as a result of which the number of items was pruned down to 50.

The draft of the instrument was then written out on a five option multiple choice test designed to measure the aptitude of the respondents. It was then administered to a selected sample of 100 male and 100 female Basic six pupils from Owerri-Imo state for the initial pilot study. The test was scored according to the provision in the manual and the scores were subjected to item analysis. In the item analysis , items whose index ranges from 0.5 and 0.9 are selected as good, while those having below 0 and 0.4 were eliminated as bad items (Ilogu, (1994) & Doran, (1980). This brought the final test to 40 items. A table of specification was also used in the construction of the test which also indicates the content validity of GAI.

Table 1: Table of specification for GAI-1

Content / behaviour objectives

Weight

Knowledge

Comprehension

Application

Analysis

Synthesis

Evaluation

Total

30%

20%

15%

15%

14%

6%

100%

Abstract thinking

30%

9, 3, 4

2,8,34< /p>

1,7

-

36

6

10

Verbal reasoning

24%

10,11,12,13

14, 36

15, 17

16

18

-

10

Numerical reasoning

18%

19,24,25,

20

22

23

-

21

7

Special reasoning

14%

35, 32,33

30

-

29

26,28

-

8

Vocational Aptitude

14%

39,37,5

-

40

27

-

38

6

Total

100%

17

7

6

4

4

3

40

Scoring: There is no special rule in the scoring of GAI-1.The whole test carries 40 marks of 1 mark for each correct answer. A participants overall score is calculated by counting the total number of right answers. The higher the score, the higher the possession of above average ability.

The development of creative Ability scale (GAI-2) also followed the same process; an initial pool of 48 items was generated and given for assessment by experts. This was also reduced to 22 items after item analysis. The draft was also written with 4-point Likert scale response from 1-4 which is generally accepted format for instruments designed to measure attitudes.

Scoring: The total score was obtained by reversing the values of items 2, 4,6,9,12,14,17,20,21 and using direct scoring for the remaining items. The sum of the reverse and direct score items gave a participants overall score in GAI-2.The higher the score, the higher the possession of a creative ability by the individual.

Development of the third section of the GAI also followed the same method, after generating an initial pool of 45 items which was given to experts for assessment. The items were reduced to the final draft of 21.

Scoring: The total score was also obtained by reversing the values of items 2, 4,7,9,10,14,17,19,21 and using direct scoring for the remaining items. The sum of the reverse and direct score items gave a participants overall score in GAI-3.The higher the score, the higher the possession of a task commitment/motivation ability by the individual.

Procedure

The first set of the instruments comprising the GAI were administered to them. The second day, the Gifted Children Screening test was administered to them in the morning period, the afternoon period was used for ICAS, ITCAS and MAS.The third and last day was used for the Mock Examination. As a sort of reinforcement and also to sustain their interest and continued presence for the duration of the exercise, the researcher brought a lot of refreshment which was shared after each section of the test. The pupils were happy and each time promised to participate in the next session The well-behaved ones were given cash rewards as a sort of encouragement to others.

Data Analysis and Presentation of Results

The data obtained in this study were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) programme to compute for mean, standard deviation, standard scores, Cronbachs alpha, correlation coefficients as well as factor analysis by principal factoring with iteration.

Norms: To obtain norms for the measure of creative-productive giftedness (GAI), the three components were administered to the participants. Mean scores, standard deviation and standard scores (Z-score to T-score) obtained across gender and type of school under the normal testing condition were computed as the local norm.

Table 2: Mean scores, Standard Deviation of the participants on GAI

Sex

Descriptive statistics

GAI-I

GAI-2

GAI-3

Male

Mean

SD

N< /p>

19.88

5.30

275

74.78

7.63

275

54.12

7.65

275

Female

Mean

SD

N

21.17

5.40

325

74.65

7.05

325

56.03

7.58

325

Total

Mean

SD

N

20.54

5.40

600

74.71

7.31

600

55.15

7.67

600

Type of school

Descriptive statistics

GAI-I

GAI-2

GAI-3

Public

Mean

SD

N

17.43

4.4

350

74.02

7.1

350

53.56

7.3

350

Private

Mean

SD

N

24.9

3.4

250

75.67

7.5

250

57.39

7.7

250

Total

Mean

SD

N

20.54

5.4

600

74.71

7.31

600

55.15

7.7

600

The descriptive data presented in Table 3 indicates that females recorded higher scores in the GAI-I and GAI-3 while males recoded higher scores in GAI-2. Consequently, the pupils in private schools recorded higher scores than their public school counterparts.

To further enhance the interpretation of norms for the GAL-1, the raw scores of the participants were grouped and converted to standard scores (T-score) as presented in table 3.

Table 3: T-score Norms for GAL-1 (N=600)

CLASS INTERVAL

X

F

Z - SCORE

T SCORE

7-9

8

5

-2.3

27

10-12

11

65

-1.7

33

13-15

14

57

1.2

38

16-18

17

87

-0.6

44

19-21

20

118

-0.1

49

22-24

23

95

0.5

55

25-27

26

127

1.0

60

28-30

29

42

1.6

68

31-33

32

5

2.1

71

Table 3 indicates that T - Scores of 60-71 fall above the mean scores. The T Score is useful in order to enable a layperson to understand the scores and for easy interpretation to the parents (Nwadinigwe, 2002).

In order to determine the reliability coefficient of the GAI, a two week test retest with Pearson product moment statistical technique, Cronbachs Alpha for internal consistency and split half were computed.

Table 4: Reliability Coefficient of GAL Components

GAI COMPONENTS

N

X1

X2

Sd1

Sd2

r

Cron bachs

alpha

Split- half

GAI 1

200

29.17

28.40

4.83

5.35

0.89

0.94

0.89

GAI 2

200

66.56

65.68

7.41

9.28

0.78

0.87

0.86

GAI 3

200

61.42

60.97

6.26

7.21

0.84

0.86

0.78

*Significant at P<.05 df 198 r crit. = 0.139

The result in table 6: Shows that GAL has a significant high test- retest and internal consistency reliability coefficient, with GAI I having r = 0.89, Alpha of 0.94 and split half reliability coefficient of 0.89, respectively. GAI 2 recorded a remarkable value of r = 0.78, alpha of 0.87 and split half reliability coefficient of 0.86 especially, while the analysis also produced for GAI -3 an alpha coefficient of 0.86, r of 0.84 and split half of 0.78.

In order to determine the concurrent and d iscriminant validity of GAI, Pearson Product movement statistics was used to correlate the scores of the 600 participants in the three components of GAI and other psychological measures (criterion) as indicated in table 6.

Table 5: Intercorelation matrix of GAI Components and other measures (Criterion).

GAI-1

GAI-2

GAI-3

Mock (Aptitude test)

ICAS

MAS

GCSE-1

GCSE-2

IBTCMAS

Mock(General knowledge/civic)

GAI-1

1

GAL-2

.129**

1

GAL-3

.251**

.038

1

Mock (Aptitude test)

.823**

.153**

.235**

1

ICAS

.151**

.679**

.306**

.116**

1

MAS

-.074

-.085*

-.009

-.080

.033

1

GCSE-1

.203**

.145**

.075

.191**

.247**

-.010

1

GCSE-2

.361**

.103*

.148**

.296**

.197**

.041

.474**

1

IBTCMAS

.148**

.183**

.646

.166**

.297**

-.085

.146**

.111**

1

Mock(General knowledge/civic)

.123**

.035

.056**

.265**

.171**

.018

.121**

.189**

.026

1

** Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

The above table indicates that the components of GAI have significant relationships with other convergent and divergent criterions.

Factorial Validity: To determine the factorial validity of GAI the technique of principal component analysis with iteration was used to factor analyse the scores of 200 participants as indicated in table 6.

Table 6: Initial Eignevalues of the extracted Factors of GAI 1.

COMPONENTS

TOTAL

% OF VARIANCE

CUMULATIVE %

1.

5.16

12.90

12.90

2

5.86

12.15

25.05

3

3.21

8.06

33.11

4.

2.79

6.97

40.08

5.

2.64

6.61

46.69

6.

1.91

4.77

51.45

7.

1.73

4.39

63.32

8.

1.67

4.17

59.94

9.

1.36

3.39

63.32

10.

1.34

3.35

66.68

11.

1.25

3.12

69.78

12.

1.03

2.57

72.38

Evidence from table 6: Shows that the analysis extracted 12 component factors that conformed to Kaisers Criterion by each having eigenvalues greeter than one before rotation. The result also shows that the 12 factors accounted for 72.38% of the total variance.

The extracted factors were maximized using varimax rot ation. Using Burt-Bank formula to determine significant factor loading, 5 factors were extracted that conformed to Kaisers criterion and Thurnstons principle as indicated in table 7.

Table 7: Names, Eigenvalues and Percentages of variances of Varimax Rotated Orthogonal Factors of GAI - 1.

FACTORS

NAME

EIGENVALUE

% OF Variance

CUMULATIVE %

1.

Abstract Reasoning

4.64

11.59

11.59

2.

Verbal Reasoning

4.53

11.33

22.93

3.

Numerical Reasoning

3.59

8.97

31.89

4.

Spatial Reasoning

3.17

7.92

39.82

5.

Vocational Aptitude

2.75

6.92

46.69

The result shows that 46.69% of the total variance was accounted for by the 5 factors. The factors were named on the basis of the items which significantly loaded or distinctively clustered on each factor.

Table 8: Initial Eigenvalues of the extracted component of GAI 2

FACTORS

EIGENVALUE

% OF Variance

CUMULATIVE %

1

2.45

11.15

11.15

2

2.06

9.34

20.49

3

1.93

8.76

29.28

4

1.80

8.19

37.47

5

1.42

6.45

43.92

6

1.29

5.89

49.82

7

1.19

5.40

55.22

8

1.097

4.99

60.22

This table indicates that the analysis for GAI-2 extracted 8 component factors that conformed to Kaisers Criterion by each having eigenvalues greater than one before rotation. The result also shows that the 8 factors accounted for 60.22% of the total variance. The extracted factors were max imized using varimax rotation. Using Burt-Bank formula to determine significant factor loading, 7 factors were extracted that conformed to Kaisers criterion and Thurnstons principle as indicated in table 9.

Table 9: Names, Eigenvalues and Percentages of variances of Varimax rotated orthogonal factors of GAI-2.

FACTORS

NAMES

EIGENVALUES

% OF VARIANCE

%

CUMULATIVE

1

Fluency

2.00

9.09

9.09

2

Flexibility

1.80

8.19

17.29

3

Originality

1.79

8.16

25.46

4

Curiosity

1.73

7.85

33.31

5

Speculative

1.71

7.79

41.09

6

Adventurous

1.59

7.20

48.29

7

Elaboration

1.52

6.92

55.22

Table 9 shows that 55.22% of the total variance was accounted for, and seven factors were extracted that conformed to Kaisers Criterion and Thurnstons principle. Hence, the factors were named on the basis of the items which significantly loaded or clustered on each factor.

Table 10: Initial Eigenvalues of the extracted component of GAI 3

FACTORS

EIGENVALUES

% OF Variance

CUMULATIVE %

1

2.07

9.87

9.87

2

1.76

8.37

18.24

3

1.63

7.77

26.01

4

1.56

7.55

33.56

5

1.33

6.35

39.91

6

1.18

5.61

45.52

7

1.14

5.41

50.93

8

1.04

4.97

55.90

Evidence from table 10 shows that the analysis for GAI -3 extracted 8 component factors that conformed to Kaisers Criterion by each having eigenvalues greater than one before rotation. The result also shows that the factors accounted for 55.90% of the total variance.

The extracted factors were maximized using varimax rotation. Using Burt Bank formula to determine significant factor loading, 7 factors were extracted that conformed to Kaisers Criterion and Thurnstons principle. The result is presented in table 11.

Table 11: Names, Eigenvalues and Percentages of variances of Varimax rotated orthogonal factors of GAI-3.

FACTORS

NAMES

EIGENVALUES

% OF VARIANCE

%

CUMULATIVE

1

Interest

1.70

8.10

8.10

2

Enthusiasm

1.61

7.69

15.79

3

Fascination

1.55

7.38

23.17

4

Perseverance

1.49

7.08

30.25

5

Endurance

1.49

7.07

37.33

6

Determination

1.45

6.91

44.24

7

Self-confidence

1.41

6.69

50.93

The result in table 11 shows that 50.93% of the total variance was accounted for by the 7 factors. Hence, the factors were named on the basis of the items which significantly loaded or clustered on each factor.

DISCUSSION

The results, which are basically the psychometric properties of GAI, reflect the extent to which it is a reliable and valid measure of creative-productive Giftedness. The norms in Table 2 indicate the cut-off points for evaluating the relative potentials of individual participants and hence the performance level for decision making in recruitment and screening of pupils (Omoluabi, 2006). The importance of the norms lies in the fact that such decision making is not arbitrary but one that is based on objective criterion. This view therefore negates the common practice of arbitrary taking 80% performance as the criterion for decision making when the cognitive test only was adopted for the recruitment of students into the Gifted Academy. A norm therefore represents an equitable value of the relative performance of all the participants in the standardization sample.

The reliability coefficient obtained: Cronbach alpha, test retest and split half are both high and significant (p <.05) and thereby confirming the hypothesis stated. This result is in consonance with Aiken (2006) who affirmed that the acceptable reliability coefficient of a new test must not be less than .70.

In respect of the validity of GAI, the result in Table 5 shows that its components have very high convergent validity coefficient with different related criterions and expected direction (negative) divergent validity coefficient with non-related measures (criterion).The low valu e is expected because it shows that GAI components and these measures are not related eventhough the are both cognitive and attitude measures (Anastasi & Urbina, 2004).The abilities required to perform GAI-1 are very different from those required for GAI-2 or ICAS.The fact that a modicum of relationship between GAL components and other measures may be due to the similarity in the abilities required for the subscales.

Tables 6-11 reported the factorial validity of GAI with factor analysis. The 5, 7 and 7 orthogonal factors extracted by the different GAI components indicate that similar items or those describing similar manifestations are grouped together. The factors may be regarded as different domains of creative- productive giftedness as contained in the GAI components because they conformed to kaisers criterion in the process of initial factoring. The fact that these factors fulfilled Thurnstones principle suggests that the domains or clusters are separate and distinct entities. Also, the fact that all the factors have each eigenvalues greater than one suggests that they are independent of one another. This implies that an individual may score high in one factor and low in another suggesting lack of overlapping of items. This apparent lack of overlapping of items also implies the enhanced factorial validity of GAI.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

The psychometrics properties of GAI indicate that it is a reliable and valid measure of creative-productive Giftedness ability and its use can be generalized to other populations owing to the heterogeneous characteristics of the sample.GAI has therefore objectified the works of Akinboye (1979), NECO (2005), Wechsler (2004), Torrance (1998) and Renzulli (2004).Generalization will be enhanced if this study is replicated with adult sample.

Specifically, individuals whose scores are equal to or above the norms of the components qualify for placements in the gifted Academy.

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